On Nov 19, 2025, the Supreme Court of India, in a writ petition by the Indian Society of Organ Transplantation vs Union of India, delivered a pivotal judgment (2025 INSC 1361) to boost uniformity and access in organ transplants nationwide. The court highlighted gaps like non-adoption of the 2011 THOTA amendments by Andhra Pradesh and 2014 Rules by states including Telangana and Manipur, urging immediate implementation for a national grid.

Key directives include forming SOTTOs in Meghalaya/Nagaland, national swap transplant guidelines via NOTTO portal, brain-stem death certification in death forms, a 5-year plan for transplant facilities, and welfare protocols for live donors to prevent exploitation. Uniform allocation criteria will tackle gender/class biases, with mandatory data reporting to NOTTO and penalties for non-compliance.

Detail Judgment: Supreme court 19 Nov 2025

Direction to Union of India, all states and Union Territory:  Supreme Court 19 Nov 2025 Order